Scenarios Configuration

This section details the scenarios settings for PyPSA-ASEAN. This is the scenarios excerpt from the paper:

Three network configurations were examined, ranging from nationally oriented development to a fully meshed regional grid, to explore the impact of regional integration.

Existing Network: Included only nationally planned transmission expansions. Subsea interconnections related to Indonesia’s Supergrid were not incorporated, and cross-border exchanges remained limited. This configuration represented a baseline scenario in which countries develop independently.

baseline-existing-3H:
  transmission_projects:
    include:
      AIMS: false
      ID_SuperGrid: false

ASEAN Network: Assumed full internal grid integration within all ASEAN countries, including the implementation of Indonesia’s Supergrid [13]. Cross-border links beyond this level remain at current (2025) capacities. This scenario simulated the benefits of enhanced national-level coordination within countries while maintaining limited regional interconnection.

baseline-asean-3H:
  transmission_projects:
    include:
      AIMS: false
      ID_SuperGrid: true # This detail is not necessary. It is set as true by default.

AIMS Network: Represented a fully interconnected regional system. All cross-border transmission projects proposed in the ASEAN Interconnection Masterplan Study (AIMS) [14], alongside Indonesia’s Supergrid, were included. This scenario captured the potential system-wide benefits of a fully meshed regional network, including optimized renewable integration and reduced system costs.

baseline-aims-3H:
  transmission_projects:
    include:
      AIMS: true # This detail is not necessary. It is set as true by default.
      ID_SuperGrid: true # This detail is not necessary. It is set as true by default.

3.3 Decarbonisation Policies Two emissions policy scenarios were applied to assess how policy ambition shapes energy transition pathways:

Baseline: No explicit emissions constraint was imposed, representing a continuation of current practices without additional decarbonisation efforts.

Decarbonised: An ASEAN-wide cap on power-sector emissions was added, tightening from 1000 MtCO₂-eq in 2025 to 100 MtCO₂-eq by 2050, corresponding to a 90% reduction. This pathway reflected a regionally coordinated decarbonisation strategy.

decarbonize-aims-3H:
  co2_budget:
    enable: true